Table_1_DNA Methyltransferases Contribute to Cold Tolerance in Ticks Dermacentor silvarum and Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae).docx
DNA methylation, mediated by DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts), is a typical epigenetic process that plays an important role in affecting organism acclimatization and adaptation to environmental changes. However, information about Dnmts and their associations with the cold tolerance of ticks remains meager. Hence, in the present study, the Dnmts in important vector ticks Dermacentor silvarum and Haemaphysalis longicornis were cloned and identified, and their functions in cold response were further explored. Results showed that the length of DsDnmt and DsDnmt1 in D. silvarum, and HlDnmt1 and HlDnmt in H. longicornis were 1,284, 549, 1,500, and 1,613 bp, respectively. Bioinformatics in protein analysis revealed that they were all unstable hydrophilic proteins and were mainly characterized with Dcm (DNA cytosine methyltransferase domain), Dnmt1-RFD (DNA methyltransferase replication foci domain), zf-CXXC (zinc finger-CXXC domain), and BAH (Bromo adjacent homology domain). The relative expression of these Dnmts was reduced after cold treatment for 3 days (P < 0.05), and increased with the extension of treatment. Western blot revealed that Dnmt1 decreased first and then increased significantly (P < 0.05) in both tick species, whereas other Dnmts fluctuated at varying degrees. RNA interference significantly silenced the genes Dnmts (P < 0.01), and mortality increased significantly (P < 0.05), when exposed to sub-lethal temperature, underscoring the important roles of Dnmts during the cold response of D. silvarum and H. longicornis. The above results lay the foundation for further understanding of the epigenetic regulation of DNA methylation in cold acclimatization and adaptation of ticks.
History
References
- https://doi.org//10.1186/s13071-014-0628-x
- https://doi.org//10.2741/3200
- https://doi.org//10.1038/s41591-020-01228-y
- https://doi.org//10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.27.1900394
- https://doi.org//10.1186/s13071-019-3707-1
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.05.003
- https://doi.org//10.11158/saa.22.12.10
- https://doi.org//10.1089/vbz.2008.0028
- https://doi.org//10.1186/1756-3305-5-19
- https://doi.org//10.1007/s10493-014-9792-0
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.07.013
- https://doi.org//10.11158/saa.25.11.10
- https://doi.org//10.1093/jme/tjy006
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100395
- https://doi.org//10.1186/1756-3305-7-237
- https://doi.org//10.1080/00480169.2015.1035769
- https://doi.org//10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.694
- https://doi.org//10.1292/jvms.10-0369
- https://doi.org//10.1186/s13071-016-1764-2
- https://doi.org//10.1186/s13071-016-1955-x
- https://doi.org//10.1186/1756-3305-6-119
- https://doi.org//10.3201/eid2008.131857
- https://doi.org//10.1111/brv.12425
- https://doi.org//10.1007/s00360-009-0369-x
- https://doi.org//10.1242/jeb.011874
- https://doi.org//10.1016/0306-4565(92)90019-C
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.11.014
- https://doi.org//10.1007/s00436-008-1071-8
- https://doi.org//10.1093/jme/tjv199
- https://doi.org//10.1172/JCI42868
- https://doi.org//10.1038/srep34698
- https://doi.org//10.1371/journal.pgen.1000530
- https://doi.org//10.1101/gad.524609
- https://doi.org//10.1074/jbc.RA118.004612
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101348
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.pbi.2011.03.004
- https://doi.org//10.1038/s41598-017-03373-w
- https://doi.org//10.1074/jbc.M204050200
- https://doi.org//10.4161/epi.24178
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.03.003
- https://doi.org//10.1007/s10493-005-1271-1
- https://doi.org//10.1093/nar/gkq1189
- https://doi.org//10.1016/0022-2836(82)90515-0
- https://doi.org//10.1093/molbev/msm092
- https://doi.org//10.1186/s13071-018-3044-9
- https://doi.org//10.1006/meth.2001.1262
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.05.010
- https://doi.org//10.1128/ecosal.4.4.5
- https://doi.org//10.1038/npp.2012.112
- https://doi.org//10.1111/j.1365-2443.2009.01352.x
- https://doi.org//10.1016/0968-0004(96)30009-1
- https://doi.org//10.1074/jbc.M007372200
- https://doi.org//10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00634-2
- https://doi.org//10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00132-5
- https://doi.org//10.3109/10409238.2012.742035
- https://doi.org//10.1093/nar/26.4.1038
- https://doi.org//10.1038/77023
- https://doi.org//10.1042/BST20130028
- https://doi.org//10.1016/0092-8674(89)90430-3
- https://doi.org//10.1016/0092-8674(92)90610-O
- https://doi.org//10.1128/MCB.20.6.2108-2121.2000
- https://doi.org//10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-021017
- https://doi.org//10.3389/fevo.2020.00271
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.gene.2012.03.041
- https://doi.org//10.3382/ps/pev201
- https://doi.org//10.1002/arch.21651
- https://doi.org//10.1111/imb.12354
- https://doi.org//10.3389/fcimb.2017.00074
- https://doi.org//10.1111/ele.12262
- https://doi.org//10.1242/jeb.00991
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.aspen.2017.01.011
- https://doi.org//10.1111/1744-7917.12432
Usage metrics
Read the peer-reviewed publication
Categories
- Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
- Veterinary Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care
- Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology
- Veterinary Diagnosis and Diagnostics
- Veterinary Epidemiology
- Veterinary Immunology
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Microbiology (excl. Virology)
- Veterinary Parasitology
- Veterinary Pathology
- Veterinary Pharmacology
- Veterinary Surgery
- Veterinary Virology
- Veterinary Sciences not elsewhere classified
- Animal Physiology - Biophysics
- Animal Physiology - Cell
- Animal Physiology - Systems
- Animal Behaviour
- Animal Cell and Molecular Biology
- Animal Developmental and Reproductive Biology
- Animal Immunology
- Animal Neurobiology
- Animal Physiological Ecology
- Animal Structure and Function
CC BY 4.0