Carbon Dioxide Capture From Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Using Temperature Swing Adsorption

In order to reduce the CO₂ emissions in the transportation sector, one can electrify the vehicle, switch to biofuel, or capture and store CO₂ on board. In this study, integration of an on board CO₂ capture and storage unit with an internal combustion engine has been proposed. The technology can be applied for various internal combustion or Stirling engines with targeted applications in the transportation sector. Truck transport for goods delivery is used as an example for on board CO₂ capture and storage system design. The investigated system integrates a temperature swing adsorption system for CO₂ capture with a turbo-compressor system to compress and liquefy the captured CO₂ using the waste heat of the exhaust gases of the engine. Energy and exergy analyses of the proposed CO₂ captured system are studied in details. The CO₂ capture system for engine exhaust stream (car, truck, bus, ship, or train) can capture 90% of the emitted CO₂, without any energy penalty. This system can be integrated into overall mobility system (fuel-engine-CO₂-fuel), where captured CO₂ can be recycled as conventional liquid or gaseous fuels produced from renewable energy sources.