Data_Sheet_1_25(OH)D Levels in Infancy Is Associated With Celiac Disease Autoimmunity in At-Risk Children: A Case–Control Study.docx
Objectives: An observed variation in the risk of celiac disease, according to the season of birth, suggests that vitamin D may affect the development of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate if vitamin D concentration is associated with the risk of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) in genetically at-risk children.
Study Design: Children prospectively followed in the multinational The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study, conducted at six centers in Europe and the US, were selected for a 1-to-3 nested case–control study. In total, 281 case–control sets were identified. CDA was defined as positivity for tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGA) on two or more consecutive visits. Vitamin D was measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in all plasma samples prior to, and including, the first tTGA positive visit. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association between 25(OH)D and risk of CDA.
Results: No significant association was seen between 25(OH)D concentrations (per 5 nmol/L increase) and risk for CDA development during early infancy (odds ratio [OR] 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–1.04) or childhood (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.97–1.07). When categorizing 25(OH)D concentrations, there was an increased risk of CDA with 25(OH)D concentrations <30 nmol/L (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.29, 3.84) and >75 nmol/L (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.28–3.44) in early infancy, as compared with 50–75 nmol/L.
Conclusion: This study indicates that 25(OH)D concentrations <30 nmol/L and >75 nmol/L during early infancy were associated with an increased risk of developing CDA in genetically at-risk children. The non-linear relationship raises the need for more studies on the possible role of 25(OH)D in the relation to celiac disease onset.
History
References
- https://doi.org//10.3390/nu10111656
- https://doi.org//10.1542/peds.2007-1894
- https://doi.org//10.2337/db17-0802
- https://doi.org//10.1007/s00125-019-05077-4
- https://doi.org//10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06580-1
- https://doi.org//10.1001/jama.296.23.2832
- https://doi.org//10.1371/journal.pone.0146351
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.12.015
- https://doi.org//10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31796-8
- https://doi.org//10.1007/s00005-018-0520-z
- https://doi.org//10.1056/NEJMoa1313977
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.cgh.2016.10.033
- https://doi.org//10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00741.x
- https://doi.org//10.1001/jama.2019.10329
- https://doi.org//10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319809
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.08.056
- https://doi.org//10.1136/jech.57.1.36
- https://doi.org//10.1136/archdischild-2015-310122
- https://doi.org//10.1136/archdischild-2012-302360
- https://doi.org//10.3390/nu12051243
- https://doi.org//10.1017/S1368980013003510
- https://doi.org//10.3390/nu12041051
- https://doi.org//10.3390/nu12040929
- https://doi.org//10.1097/MPG.0000000000001568
- https://doi.org//10.1016/0016-5085(95)90276-7
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.089
- https://doi.org//10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00269.x
- https://doi.org//10.1007/s11892-018-1113-2
- https://doi.org//10.1002/dmrr.2510
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.05.011
- https://doi.org//10.1210/jc.2015-2175
- https://doi.org//10.1093/bioinformatics/btq559
- https://doi.org//10.1007/s12016-013-8361-3
- https://doi.org//10.1371/journal.pone.0179080
- https://doi.org//10.1002/jbm4.10405
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.073
- https://doi.org//10.1080/19381980.2016.1187349
- https://doi.org//10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105516
- https://doi.org//10.1007/s00431-015-2589-2
- https://doi.org//10.2310/JIM.0b013e31821b8755
- https://doi.org//10.2147/CEG.S210060
- https://doi.org//10.2147/CEG.S222353
- https://doi.org//10.1038/ejcn.2017.140
- https://doi.org//10.2337/dc13-0449
- https://doi.org//10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.3627
- https://doi.org//10.1515/jpem-2017-0391
