10.3389/fnins.2019.00731.s001 Huanghui Liu Huanghui Liu Jun Liu Jun Liu Huasheng Liu Huasheng Liu Limin Peng Limin Peng Zhichao Feng Zhichao Feng Pengfei Rong Pengfei Rong Hui Shen Hui Shen Dewen Hu Dewen Hu Ling-Li Zeng Ling-Li Zeng Wei Wang Wei Wang Table_1_Pathological Between-Network Positive Connectivity in Early Type 2 Diabetes Patients Without Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases.DOCX Frontiers 2019 type 2 diabetes fMRI functional connectivity pathological between-network positive connectivity cerebral small vessel diseases 2019-07-16 04:49:57 Dataset https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_1_Pathological_Between-Network_Positive_Connectivity_in_Early_Type_2_Diabetes_Patients_Without_Cerebral_Small_Vessel_Diseases_DOCX/8874053 Background and Purpose<p>Previous neuroimaging studies have demonstrated type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related brain structural and functional changes are partly associated with cognitive decline. However, less is known about the underlying mechanisms. Chronic hyperglycemia and microvascular complications are the two of most important risk factors related to cognitive decline in diabetes. Cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs), such as those defined by lacunar infarcts, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and microhemorrhages, are also associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. In this study, we examined brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in patients in the early stages of T2D without CSVDs to focus on glucose metabolism factors and to avoid the interference of vascular risk factors on T2D-related brain damage.</p>Methods<p>T2D patients with disease durations of less than 5 years and without any signs of CSVDs (n = 34) were compared with healthy control subjects (n = 24). Whole-brain region-based functional connectivity was analyzed with network-based statistics (NBS), and brain surface morphology was examined. In addition, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was conducted for all subjects.</p>Results<p>At the whole-brain region-based functional connectivity level, thirty-three functional connectivities were changed in T2D patients relative to those in controls, mostly manifested as pathological between-network positive connectivity and located mainly between the sensory-motor network and auditory network. Some of the connectivities were positively correlated with blood glucose level, insulin resistance, and MoCA scores in the T2D group. The network-level analysis showed between-network hyperconnectivity in T2D patients, but no significant changes in within-network connectivity. In addition, there were no significant differences in MoCA scores or brain morphology measures, including cortical thickness, surface area, mean curvature, and gray/white matter volume, between the two groups.</p>Conclusion<p>The findings indicate that pathological between-network positive connectivity occurs in the early stages of T2D without CSVDs. The abnormal connectivity may indicate that the original balance of mutual antagonistic/cooperative relationships between the networks is broken, which may be a neuroimaging basis for predicting cognitive decline in early T2D patients.</p>