Table_11_Pleiotropic Meta-Analysis of Age-Related Phenotypes Addressing Evolutionary Uncertainty in Their Molecular Mechanisms.XLSX Alexander M. Kulminski Yury Loika Jian Huang Konstantin G. Arbeev Olivia Bagley Svetlana Ukraintseva Anatoliy I. Yashin Irina Culminskaya 10.3389/fgene.2019.00433.s003 https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_11_Pleiotropic_Meta-Analysis_of_Age-Related_Phenotypes_Addressing_Evolutionary_Uncertainty_in_Their_Molecular_Mechanisms_XLSX/8108375 <p>Age-related phenotypes are characterized by genetic heterogeneity attributed to an uncertain role of evolution in establishing their molecular mechanisms. Here, we performed univariate and pleiotropic meta-analyses of 24 age-related phenotypes dealing with such evolutionary uncertainty and leveraging longitudinal information. Our analysis identified 237 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 199 loci with phenotype-specific (61 SNPs) and pleiotropic (176 SNPs) associations and replicated associations for 160 SNPs in 68 loci in a modest sample of 26,371 individuals from five longitudinal studies. Most pleiotropic associations (65.3%, 115 of 176 SNPs) were impacted by heterogeneity, with the natural-selection—free genetic heterogeneity as its inevitable component. This pleiotropic heterogeneity was dominated (93%, 107 of 115 SNPs) by antagonistic genetic heterogeneity, a phenomenon that is characterized by antagonistic directions of genetic effects for directly correlated phenotypes. Genetic association studies of age-related phenotypes addressing the evolutionary uncertainty in establishing their molecular mechanisms have power to substantially improve the efficiency of the analyses. A dominant form of heterogeneous pleiotropy, antagonistic genetic heterogeneity, provides unprecedented insight into the genetic origin of age-related phenotypes and side effects in medical care that is counter-intuitive in medical genetics but naturally expected when molecular mechanisms of age-related phenotypes are not due to direct evolutionary selection.</p> 2019-05-10 12:00:21 genetic association studies pleiotropy age-related phenotypes genetic heterogeneity aging health span life span