10.3389/fonc.2019.00253.s001
Zhi-Ming Mai
Zhi-Ming
Mai
Jia-Huang Lin
Jia-Huang
Lin
Roger Kai-Cheong Ngan
Roger Kai-Cheong
Ngan
Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
Dora
Lai-Wan Kwong
Wai-Tong Ng
Wai-Tong
Ng
Alice Wan-Ying Ng
Alice Wan-Ying
Ng
Kam-Tong Yuen
Kam-Tong
Yuen
Dennis Kai Ming Ip
Dennis Kai Ming
Ip
Yap-Hang Chan
Yap-Hang
Chan
Anne Wing-Mui Lee
Anne Wing-Mui
Lee
Sai-Yin Ho
Sai-Yin
Ho
Maria Li Lung
Maria
Li Lung
Tai-Hing Lam
Tai-Hing
Lam
Table_1_Milk Consumption Across Life Periods in Relation to Lower Risk of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Multicentre Case-Control Study.DOCX
Frontiers
2019
milk
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
case-control study
life-course
multiple imputation
2019-04-10 04:14:51
Dataset
https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_1_Milk_Consumption_Across_Life_Periods_in_Relation_to_Lower_Risk_of_Nasopharyngeal_Carcinoma_A_Multicentre_Case-Control_Study_DOCX/7975631
<p>Background: The much higher incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in men suggests sex hormones as a risk factor, and dairy products contain measurable amounts of steroid hormones. Milk consumption has greatly increased in endemic regions of NPC. We investigated the association between NPC and milk consumption across life periods in Hong Kong.</p><p>Methods: A multicentre case-control study included 815 histologically confirmed NPC incident cases and 1,502 controls who were frequency-matched on age and sex at five major hospitals in Hong Kong in 2014–2017. Odds ratios (ORs) of NPC (cases vs. controls) for milk consumption at different life periods were estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for sex, age, socioeconomic status score, smoking and alcohol drinking status, exposure to occupational hazards, family history of cancer, IgA against Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen, and total energy intake.</p><p>Results: Compared with abstainers, lower risks of NPC were consistently observed in regular users (consuming ≥5 glasses of milk [fresh and powdered combined] per month) across four life periods of age 6–12 (adjusted OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.54–0.86), 13–18 (0.68, 0.55–0.84), 19–30 (0.68, 0.55–0.84), and 10 years before recruitment (0.72, 0.59–0.87). Long-term average milk consumption of ≤2.5, >2.5, and ≤12.5, >12.5 glasses per month yielded adjusted OR (95% CI) of 1.00 (0.80–1.26), 0.98 (0.81–1.18), 0.95 (0.76–1.18), and 0.55 (0.43–0.70), respectively (all P-values for trend < 0.05).</p><p>Conclusion: Consumption of milk across life periods was associated with lower risks of NPC. If confirmed to be causal, this has important implications for dairy product consumption and prevention of NPC.</p>