10.3389/fnins.2019.00092.s001 Jong Whi Kim Jong Whi Kim Kyu Ri Han Kyu Ri Han Woosuk Kim Woosuk Kim Hyo Young Jung Hyo Young Jung Sung Min Nam Sung Min Nam Dae Young Yoo Dae Young Yoo In Koo Hwang In Koo Hwang Je Kyung Seong Je Kyung Seong Yeo Sung Yoon Yeo Sung Yoon Image_1_Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Can Be Enhanced by Cold Challenge Independently From Beigeing Effects.TIF Frontiers 2019 cold challenge neurogenesis β adrenergic signaling hippocampus CL 316,243 2019-03-05 04:41:37 Figure https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_1_Adult_Hippocampal_Neurogenesis_Can_Be_Enhanced_by_Cold_Challenge_Independently_From_Beigeing_Effects_TIF/7801724 <p>In this study, we investigated the effects of cold challenge on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and hippocampal gene expression and whether these are mediated by beigeing of peripheral fat tissues. Cold challenge (6 ± 2°C) for 1 and 4 weeks was found to induce beigeing effects in inguinal white adipose tissue based on hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as uncoupled protein-1 immunohistochemical staining. In the hippocampus, cold challenge for 1 or 4 weeks increased dentate gyrus neurogenesis and expression of genes related to AHN, including notch signaling, G protein-coupled receptor signaling, and adrenergic beta receptor-1. However, this enhancement of neurogenesis and gene expression by cold challenge was not shown by administration of CL 316,243, which induces peripheral beigeing similar to cold challenge but does not cross the blood–brain barrier. These results suggest that cold challenge promotes AHN and central expression of AHN-related, signaling, and β1-adrenergic receptors genes, and that peripheral beigeing by itself is not sufficient to mediate these effects. Considering the increase in AHN and gene expression changes, cold challenge may offer a novel approach to hippocampal modulation.</p>