Table_1_Effects of a Cognitive Training With and Without Additional Physical Activity in Healthy Older Adults: A Follow-Up 1 Year After a Randomized Controlled Trial.docx Elke Kalbe Mandy Roheger Kay Paluszak Julia Meyer Jutta Becker Gereon R. Fink Juraj Kukolja Andreas Rahn Florian Szabados Brunhilde Wirth Josef Kessler 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00407.s001 https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_1_Effects_of_a_Cognitive_Training_With_and_Without_Additional_Physical_Activity_in_Healthy_Older_Adults_A_Follow-Up_1_Year_After_a_Randomized_Controlled_Trial_docx/7476899 <p>Background: Combining cognitive training (CT) with physical activity (CPT) has been suggested to be most effective in maintaining cognition in healthy older adults, but data are scarce and inconsistent regarding long-term effects (follow-up; FU) and predictors of success.</p><p>Objective: To investigate the 1-year FU effects of CPT versus CT and CPT plus counseling (CPT+C), and to identify predictors for CPT success at FU.</p><p>Setting and Participants: We included 55 healthy older participants in the data analyses; 18 participants (CPT group) were used for the predictor analysis.</p><p>Interventions: In a randomized controlled trial, participants conducted a CT, CPT, or CPT+C for 7 weeks.</p><p>Outcome Measures: Overall cognition, verbal, figural, and working memory, verbal fluency, attention, planning, and visuo-construction.</p><p>Results: While within-group comparisons showed cognitive improvements for all types of training, only one significant interaction Group × Time favoring CPT in comparison to CPT+C was found for overall cognition and verbal long-term memory. The most consistent predictor for CPT success (in verbal short-term memory, verbal fluency, attention) was an initial low baseline performance. Lower education predicted working memory gains. Higher levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at baseline (BDNF) predicted alternating letter verbal fluency gains.</p><p>Discussion: Within-group comparisons indicate that all used training types are helpful to maintain cognition. The fact that cognitive and sociodemographic data as well as nerve growth factors predict long-term benefits of CPT contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying training success and may ultimately help to adapt training to individual profiles.</p><p>Clinical Trial Registration: WHO ICTRP (http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/), identifier DRKS00005194.</p> 2018-12-18 04:32:32 combined lifestyle intervention predictor neurobiological mechanisms physical training cognitive training healthy older adults follow-up RCT