Video_1_RNase A Promotes Proliferation of Neuronal Progenitor Cells via an ERK-Dependent Pathway.MP4 Hsin-Yu Liu Chiung-Ya Chen Yun-Fen Hung Hong-Ru Lin Hsu-Wen Chao Pu-Yun Shih Chi-Ning Chuang Wei-Ping Li Tzyy-Nan Huang Yi-Ping Hsueh 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00428.s002 https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/media/Video_1_RNase_A_Promotes_Proliferation_of_Neuronal_Progenitor_Cells_via_an_ERK-Dependent_Pathway_MP4/7380374 <p>Members of the ribonuclease A (RNase A) superfamily regulate various physiological processes. RNase A, the best-studied member of the RNase A superfamily, is widely expressed in different tissues, including brains. We unexpectedly found that RNase A can trigger proliferation of neuronal progenitor cells (NPC) both in vitro and in vivo. RNase A treatment induced cell proliferation in dissociated neuronal cultures and increased cell mass in neurosphere cultures. BrdU (5-Bromo-2'-Deoxyuridine) labeling confirmed the effect of RNase A on cell proliferation. Those dividing cells were Nestin- and SOX2-positive, suggesting that RNase A triggers NPC proliferation. The proliferation inhibitor Ara-C completely suppressed the effect of RNase A on NPC counts, further supporting that RNase A increases NPC number mainly by promoting proliferation. Moreover, we found that RNase A treatment increased ERK phosphorylation and blockade of the ERK pathway inhibited the effect of RNase A on NPC proliferation. Intracerebroventricular injection of RNase A into mouse brain increased the population of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) or BrdU-labeled cells in the subventricular zone. Those RNase A-induced NPCs were able to migrate into other brain areas, including hippocampus, amygdala, cortex, striatum, and thalamus. In conclusion, our study shows that RNase A promotes proliferation of NPCs via an ERK-dependent pathway and further diversifies the physiological functions of the RNase A family.</p> 2018-11-26 04:33:59 ERK activation neural progenitor cells neurogenesis proliferation RNase A