10.3389/fnins.2018.00752.s001 Alexander B. Remsik Alexander B. Remsik Keith Dodd Keith Dodd Leroy Williams Leroy Williams Jaclyn Thoma Jaclyn Thoma Tyler Jacobson Tyler Jacobson Janerra D. Allen Janerra D. Allen Hemali Advani Hemali Advani Rosaleena Mohanty Rosaleena Mohanty Matt McMillan Matt McMillan Shruti Rajan Shruti Rajan Matt Walczak Matt Walczak Brittany M. Young Brittany M. Young Zack Nigogosyan Zack Nigogosyan Cameron A. Rivera Cameron A. Rivera Mohsen Mazrooyisebdani Mohsen Mazrooyisebdani Neelima Tellapragada Neelima Tellapragada Leo M. Walton Leo M. Walton Klevest Gjini Klevest Gjini Peter L.E. van Kan Peter L.E. van Kan Theresa J. Kang Theresa J. Kang Justin A. Sattin Justin A. Sattin Veena A. Nair Veena A. Nair Dorothy Farrar Edwards Dorothy Farrar Edwards Justin C. Williams Justin C. Williams Vivek Prabhakaran Vivek Prabhakaran Data_Sheet_1_Behavioral Outcomes Following Brain–Computer Interface Intervention for Upper Extremity Rehabilitation in Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.PDF Frontiers 2018 brain–computer interface (BCI) stroke recovery rehabilitation motor function hemiparesis upper extremity 2018-11-08 04:06:49 Dataset https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Data_Sheet_1_Behavioral_Outcomes_Following_Brain_Computer_Interface_Intervention_for_Upper_Extremity_Rehabilitation_in_Stroke_A_Randomized_Controlled_Trial_PDF/7312685 <p>Stroke is a leading cause of persistent upper extremity (UE) motor disability in adults. Brain–computer interface (BCI) intervention has demonstrated potential as a motor rehabilitation strategy for stroke survivors. This sub-analysis of ongoing clinical trial (NCT02098265) examines rehabilitative efficacy of this BCI design and seeks to identify stroke participant characteristics associated with behavioral improvement. Stroke participants (n = 21) with UE impairment were assessed using Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and measures of function. Nine participants completed three assessments during the experimental BCI intervention period and at 1-month follow-up. Twelve other participants first completed three assessments over a parallel time-matched control period and then crossed over into the BCI intervention condition 1-month later. Participants who realized positive change (≥1 point) in total ARAT performance of the stroke affected UE between the first and third assessments of the intervention period were dichotomized as “responders” (<1 = “non-responders”) and similarly analyzed. Of the 14 participants with room for ARAT improvement, 64% (9/14) showed some positive change at completion and approximately 43% (6/14) of the participants had changes of minimal detectable change (MDC = 3 pts) or minimally clinical important difference (MCID = 5.7 points). Participants with room for improvement in the primary outcome measure made significant mean gains in ARAT<sub>total</sub> score at completion (ΔARAT<sub>total</sub> = 2, p = 0.028) and 1-month follow-up (ΔARAT<sub>total</sub> = 3.4, p = 0.0010), controlling for severity, gender, chronicity, and concordance. Secondary outcome measures, SIS<sub>mobility</sub>, SIS<sub>adl</sub>, SIS<sub>strength</sub>, and 9HPT<sub>affected</sub>, also showed significant improvement over time during intervention. Participants in intervention through follow-up showed a significantly increased improvement rate in SIS<sub>strength</sub> compared to controls (p = 0.0117), controlling for severity, chronicity, gender, as well as the individual effects of time and intervention type. Participants who best responded to BCI intervention, as evaluated by ARAT score improvement, showed significantly increased outcome values through completion and follow-up for SIS<sub>mobility</sub> (p = 0.0002, p = 0.002) and SIS<sub>strength</sub> (p = 0.04995, p = 0.0483). These findings may suggest possible secondary outcome measure patterns indicative of increased improvement resulting from this BCI intervention regimen as well as demonstrating primary efficacy of this BCI design for treatment of UE impairment in stroke survivors.</p><p>Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02098265.</p>