10.3389/fmicb.2018.01717.s010
Shengzhi Yang
Shengzhi
Yang
Xin Gao
Xin
Gao
Jianghong Meng
Jianghong
Meng
Anyun Zhang
Anyun
Zhang
Yingmin Zhou
Yingmin
Zhou
Mei Long
Mei
Long
Bei Li
Bei
Li
Wenwen Deng
Wenwen
Deng
Lei Jin
Lei
Jin
Siyue Zhao
Siyue
Zhao
Daifu Wu
Daifu
Wu
Yongguo He
Yongguo
He
Caiwu Li
Caiwu
Li
Shuliang Liu
Shuliang
Liu
Yan Huang
Yan
Huang
Hemin Zhang
Hemin
Zhang
Likou Zou
Likou
Zou
Image_4_Metagenomic Analysis of Bacteria, Fungi, Bacteriophages, and Helminths in the Gut of Giant Pandas.PDF
Frontiers
2018
bacteria
fungi
bacteriophages
helminths
giant pandas
metagenomic sequencing
2018-07-31 13:53:45
Figure
https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_4_Metagenomic_Analysis_of_Bacteria_Fungi_Bacteriophages_and_Helminths_in_the_Gut_of_Giant_Pandas_PDF/6882263
<p>To obtain full details of gut microbiota, including bacteria, fungi, bacteriophages, and helminths, in giant pandas (GPs), we created a comprehensive microbial genome database and used metagenomic sequences to align against the database. We delineated a detailed and different gut microbiota structures of GPs. A total of 680 species of bacteria, 198 fungi, 185 bacteriophages, and 45 helminths were found. Compared with 16S rRNA sequencing, the dominant bacterium phyla not only included Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria but also Cyanobacteria and other eight phyla. Aside from Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Glomeromycota, Mucoromycota, and Microsporidia were the dominant fungi phyla. The bacteriophages were predominantly dsDNA Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, ssDNA Inoviridae, and Microviridae. For helminths, phylum Nematoda was the dominant. In addition to previously described parasites, another 44 species of helminths were found in GPs. Also, differences in abundance of microbiota were found between the captive, semiwild, and wild GPs. A total of 1,739 genes encoding cellulase, β-glucosidase, and cellulose β-1,4-cellobiosidase were responsible for the metabolism of cellulose, and 128,707 putative glycoside hydrolase genes were found in bacteria/fungi. Taken together, the results indicated not only bacteria but also fungi, bacteriophages, and helminths were diverse in gut of giant pandas, which provided basis for the further identification of role of gut microbiota. Besides, metagenomics revealed that the bacteria/fungi in gut of GPs harbor the ability of cellulose and hemicellulose degradation.</p>