10.3389/fimmu.2018.01115.s003 Piotr Orlowski Piotr Orlowski Emilia Tomaszewska Emilia Tomaszewska Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda Marianna Gniadek Marianna Gniadek Olga Labedz Olga Labedz Tadeusz Malewski Tadeusz Malewski Julita Nowakowska Julita Nowakowska Grzegorz Chodaczek Grzegorz Chodaczek Grzegorz Celichowski Grzegorz Celichowski Jaroslaw Grobelny Jaroslaw Grobelny Malgorzata Krzyzowska Malgorzata Krzyzowska table_2_Tannic Acid-Modified Silver and Gold Nanoparticles as Novel Stimulators of Dendritic Cells Activation.PDF Frontiers 2018 silver nanoparticles gold nanoparticles dendritic cells HSV-2 tannic acid 2018-05-22 07:35:49 Dataset https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/dataset/table_2_Tannic_Acid-Modified_Silver_and_Gold_Nanoparticles_as_Novel_Stimulators_of_Dendritic_Cells_Activation_PDF/6298898 <p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are promising new antimicrobial agents against a wide range of skin and mucosal pathogens. However, their interaction with the immune system is currently not fully understood. Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial during development of T cell-specific responses against bacterial and viral pathogens. We have previously shown that tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles (TA-AgNPs) consist of a promising microbicide against HSV-2. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of TA-AgNPs or TA-AuNPs of similar sizes (TA-Ag/AuNPs) to induce DCs maturation and activation in the presence of HSV-2 antigens when used at non-toxic doses. First, we used JAWS II DC line to test toxicity, ultrastructure as well as activation markers (MHC I and II, CD40, CD80, CD86, PD-L1) and cytokine production in the presence of TA-Ag/AuNPs. Preparations of HSV-2 treated with nanoparticles (TA-Ag/AuNPs-HSV-2) were further used to investigate HSV-2 antigen uptake, activation markers, TLR9 expression, and cytokine production. Additionally, we accessed proliferation and activation of HSV-2-specific T cells by DCs treated with TA-AgNP/AuNPs-HSV-2. We found that both TA-AgNPs and TA-AuNPs were efficiently internalized by DCs and induced activated ultrastructure. Although TA-AgNPs were more toxic than TA-AuNPs in corresponding sizes, they were also more potent stimulators of DCs maturation and TLR9 expression. TA-Ag/AuNPs-HSV-2 helped to overcome inhibition of DCs maturation by live or inactivated virus through up-regulation of MHC II and CD86 and down-regulation of CD80 expression. Down-regulation of CD40 expression in HSV-2-infected DCs was reversed when HSV-2 was treated with TA-NPs sized >30 nm. On the other hand, small-sized TA-AgNPs helped to better internalize HSV-2 antigens. HSV-2 treated with both types of NPs stimulated activation of JAWS II and memory CD8+ T cells, while TA-AgNPs treatment induced IFN-γ producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Our study shows that TA-AgNPs or TA-AuNPs are good activators of DCs, albeit their final effect upon maturation and activation may be metal and size dependent. We conclude that TA-Ag/AuNPs consist of a novel class of nano-adjuvants, which can help to overcome virus-induced suppression of DCs activation.</p>