10.3389/fpls.2018.00611.s006 Yanling Zhang Yanling Zhang Peng Liu Peng Liu Xiaoxiang Zhang Xiaoxiang Zhang Qi Zheng Qi Zheng Min Chen Min Chen Fei Ge Fei Ge Zhaoling Li Zhaoling Li Wenting Sun Wenting Sun Zhongrong Guan Zhongrong Guan Tianhu Liang Tianhu Liang Yan Zheng Yan Zheng Xiaolong Tan Xiaolong Tan Chaoying Zou Chaoying Zou Huanwei Peng Huanwei Peng Guangtang Pan Guangtang Pan Yaou Shen Yaou Shen Table_4_Multi-Locus Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals the Genetic Architecture of Stalk Lodging Resistance-Related Traits in Maize.DOCX Frontiers 2018 maize stalk lodging resistance multi-locus GWAS QTNs candidate gene 2018-05-07 04:22:30 Dataset https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_4_Multi-Locus_Genome-Wide_Association_Study_Reveals_the_Genetic_Architecture_of_Stalk_Lodging_Resistance-Related_Traits_in_Maize_DOCX/6226118 <p>Stalk lodging resistance, which is mainly measured by stem diameter (SD), stalk bending strength (SBS), and rind penetrometer resistance (RPR) in maize, seriously affects the yield and quality of maize (Zea mays L.). To dissect its genetic architecture, in this study multi-locus genome-wide association studies for stalk lodging resistance-related traits were conducted in a population of 257 inbred lines, with tropical, subtropical, and temperate backgrounds, genotyped with 48,193 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms. The analyses of phenotypic variations for the above traits in three environments showed high broad-sense heritability (0.679, 0.720, and 0.854, respectively). In total, 423 significant Quantitative Trait Nucleotides (QTNs) were identified by mrMLM, FASTmrEMMA, ISIS EM-BLASSO, and pLARmEB methods to be associated with the above traits. Among these QTNs, 29, 34, and 48 were commonly detected by multiple methods or across multiple environments to be related to SD, SBS, and RPR, respectively. The superior allele analyses in 30 elite lines showed that only eight lines contained more than 50% of the superior alleles, indicating that stalk lodging resistance can be improved by the integration of more superior alleles. Among sixty-three candidate genes of the consistently expressed QTNs, GRMZM5G856734 and GRMZM2G116885, encoding membrane steroid-binding protein 1 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1, respectively, possibly inhibit cell elongation and division, which regulates lodging resistance. Our results provide the further understanding of the genetic foundation of maize lodging resistance.</p>