10.3389/fimmu.2019.02810.s006 Meili Li Meili Li Zongmin Liao Zongmin Liao Zuo Xu Zuo Xu Xingmei Zou Xingmei Zou Yuanfang Wang Yuanfang Wang Hao Peng Hao Peng Yiwen Li Yiwen Li Xiaowen Ou Xiaowen Ou Yangxi Deng Yangxi Deng Yingjie Guo Yingjie Guo Weidong Gan Weidong Gan Tao Peng Tao Peng Daixiong Chen Daixiong Chen Mingsheng Cai Mingsheng Cai Image_6_The Interaction Mechanism Between Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Glycoprotein D and Host Antiviral Protein Viperin.jpg Frontiers 2019 herpes simplex virus 1 viperin gD IFN-β NF-κB 2019-12-11 04:29:18 Figure https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_6_The_Interaction_Mechanism_Between_Herpes_Simplex_Virus_1_Glycoprotein_D_and_Host_Antiviral_Protein_Viperin_jpg/11351696 <p>Viperin is an interferon-inducible protein that responsible for a variety of antiviral responses to different viruses. Our previous study has shown that the ribonuclease UL41 of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) can degrade the mRNA of viperin to promote HSV-1 replication. However, it is not clear whether other HSV-1 encoded proteins can regulate the function of viperin. Here, one novel viperin associated protein, glycoprotein D (gD), was identified. To verify the interaction between gD and viperin, gD and viperin expression plasmids were firstly co-transfected into COS-7 cells, and fluorescence microscope showed they co-localized at the perinuclear region, then this potential interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays. Moreover, confocal microscopy demonstrated that gD and viperin co-localized at the Golgi body and lipid droplets. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter and Co-IP assays showed gD and viperin interaction leaded to the increase of IRF7-mediated IFN-β expression through promoting viperin and IRAK1 interaction and facilitating K63-linked IRAK1 polyubiquitination. Nevertheless, gD inhibited TRAF6-induced NF-κB activity by decreasing the interaction of viperin and TRAF6. In addition, gD restrained viperin-mediated interaction between IRAK1 and TRAF6. Eventually, gD and viperin interaction was corroborated to significantly inhibit the proliferation of HSV-1. Taken together, this study would open up new avenues toward delineating the function and physiological significance of gD and viperin during HSV-1 replication cycle.</p>